Accounting for a Polish limited company (sp. z o.o.): what you need to know as an owner

The limited liability company (sp. z o.o.) is the most popular type of company in Poland. Its advantages (limited liability of the shareholders and prestige) come with obligations, including the obligation to keep full accounting books.

Why must a sp. z o.o. keep full accounting?

The obligation comes directly from the Accounting Act. Full accounting (accounting books) is mandatory for every sp. z o.o., regardless of its revenue. The only exception concerns some partnerships: general partnerships of natural persons and professional partnerships switch to full books only once their net revenue exceeds EUR 2 million.

Unlike simplified bookkeeping (KPiR, i.e. the revenue and expense ledger, or the lump sum), full books require:

Recording all business transactions using double-entry bookkeeping
Preparing a balance sheet and a profit and loss account
Filing financial statements with the National Court Register (KRS)
Approval of the financial statements by the shareholders’ meeting

Tax obligations of a sp. z o.o.

CIT

A sp. z o.o. pays corporate income tax (CIT):

9%: for small taxpayers (revenue up to EUR 2 million) and new businesses
19%: the standard rate

VAT

If the value of sales in a year exceeds PLN 240,000 net (the limit since 2026), the company must register as a VAT payer. Some goods and services require VAT from the first sale, whatever the limit. VAT returns are filed monthly or quarterly.

ZUS: specifics of a sp. z o.o.

The sole shareholder of a single-member sp. z o.o. is treated like a person running a business and must pay ZUS (social security) contributions. Shareholders of multi-member companies can be employed under an employment contract.

What records does a sp. z o.o. keep?

Journal: a chronological record of all transactions
General ledger: records on accounting accounts
Subsidiary ledgers: e.g. fixed assets register, inventory records
Trial balance
Financial statements (balance sheet + profit and loss account + notes)

How much does accounting for a sp. z o.o. cost?

The cost depends on:

The number of documents per month (invoices, bank statements)
The number of employees (HR and payroll)
The complexity of the business (import/export, several branches)

Indicatively: from PLN 500 to PLN 2,000+ per month for full service.

Is it worth keeping the company’s books yourself?

Formally it is possible, but it requires extensive knowledge of accounting, tax law and ZUS rules. Mistakes can lead to high financial penalties. For most company owners, outsourcing accounting to a professional office is cheaper and safer than hiring an in-house accountant.

How does Księgowość.pro serve limited companies?

At Księgowość.pro we specialise in serving limited companies (sp. z o.o.). We offer:

Full keeping of accounting books
Preparing and filing financial statements with KRS
CIT, VAT and ZUS settlements
HR and payroll for the company’s employees
Representation before public offices
Registration of new companies in KRS

Ask for a quote, free and without obligation.